Overview & Industrial Applications

Torispherical dished ends—manufactured via precision hot-pressing or cold-forming processes—are critical pressure-bearing components widely utilized in the fabrication of ASME and CE-PED compliant pressure vessels, industrial boilers, and chemical process equipment.

By leveraging advanced forming technology, the steel is meticulously shaped within its optimal material normalizing temperature range. This strictly controls grain refinement, eliminates residual forming stresses, and guarantees superior structural integrity and mechanical properties under demanding operating conditions.

Core Technical Advantages

Optimized Stress Distribution: The geometry seamlessly integrates a spherical crown with a toroidal knuckle. This dual-curvature design ensures a smooth stress transition, minimizing localized stress concentration at the knuckle radius.
Cost-Efficient Performance: Compared to hemispherical heads, the torispherical profile requires less forming depth and material volume, offering a low-profile closure that significantly reduces raw material costs without compromising pressure-resistance capabilities.
Balanced Manufacturability: Ideal for a wide range of low-to-medium pressure applications, providing an excellent balance between structural efficiency, wall-thickness uniformity, and ease of welding/assembly.

Geometric Specifications & Parameter Formulae

Our torispherical dished ends are engineered strictly in accordance with international standard dimensions (such as the standard DIN 28011 profile). The precise geometric relationships are defined as follows:

Parameter	Description	Standard Formula / Value
$D_o$	External Head Diameter	Base Dimension
$D_i$	Internal Head Diameter	$D_o - 2t$
$CR$	Crown Radius (Dish Radius)	$CR = D_o$
$KR$	Knuckle Radius	$KR = 0.1D_o$
$SF$	Straight Flange Height	$3.5t$ or customized per request
$DH$	Depth of Dishing	$DH = 0.1935D_o - 0.455t$
$TH_i$	Total Internal Head Height	$TH_i = SF + DH$
$t$	Nominal Wall Thickness	Subject to pressure vessel design codes

Tailored Engineering: Beyond standard configurations ( $CR = D_o$ ; $KR = 0.1D_o$ ), we provide fully customized non-standard torispherical and semi-ellipsoidal heads to meet your specific pressure ratings, medium properties, and dimensional constraints. Dish Ends can be fabricated from a wide range of materials to suit your specific application requirements, including carbon steel, stainless steel, aluminum alloy, and clad plates.

Tag: Dish Ends

High-Performance Torispherical Dished Ends (Torispherical Heads)